Middle East & North Africa

US Treasury Department Issues Sanctions for Scheme to Export Iranian Oil Despite Hezbollah, IRGC Restrictions
Middle East and North Africa Julia Kempton Middle East and North Africa Julia Kempton

US Treasury Department Issues Sanctions for Scheme to Export Iranian Oil Despite Hezbollah, IRGC Restrictions

On November 3, the US Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced a series of sanctions against dozens of individuals, companies, and oil tankers for their role in the export of Iranian oil to global markets, violating American sanctions against the Iran Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) Quds Force and Hezbollah on antiterrorism grounds (E.O. 13224).

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Tunisia’s Referendum: The End of the Last Hope of the Arab Spring
Middle East and North Africa Julia Kempton Middle East and North Africa Julia Kempton

Tunisia’s Referendum: The End of the Last Hope of the Arab Spring

At 11:30 am on the morning of Dec. 11, 2011, Mohamed Bouazizi, a fruit vendor in the small Tunisian city of Sidi Bouzid, publicly committed an ultimately fatal act of self-immolation in protest of his family’s perceived mistreatment by corrupt and repressive local police. Street protests followed across Tunisia, Egypt, Syria, Libya, and beyond, kicking off the period of pro-democracy optimism known as the “Arab Spring.” Muammar Al-Gaddafi was forced from power and executed in Libya, Egypt’s long-time dictator Hosni Mubarak stepped down, and Algeria ended the 19-year-long state of emergency that had allowed unchecked abuses by security forces.

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OPEC Cutting Oil Production Defines Saudi Arabia's Global Influence
Middle East and North Africa Jakob Mieszkowski-Lapping Middle East and North Africa Jakob Mieszkowski-Lapping

OPEC Cutting Oil Production Defines Saudi Arabia's Global Influence

On Oct. 5, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its partner nations announced a collective production cut to two million barrels of oil per day, spiking energy prices worldwide. OPEC, primarily led by Saudi Arabia and its Gulf State allies, controls an enormous share of the global energy market and utilizes this leverage with little resistance.

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