Austria's Far-Right Victory: Potential challenges Ahead for the European Union
Supporters attend final pre-election FPÖ rally in Vienna, Austria. Photo: AP Photo/Andreea Alexandru
On Sept. 29, Austria's far-right Freedom Party (FPÖ) achieved an unprecedented victory by winning the national parliamentary election — its first major success since World War II. This success raises critical questions about Austria's future relationship with the European Union (EU), considering the FPÖ's nationalistic and eurosceptic platform. What are the potential implications of the FPÖ's rise for Austria's EU relations? First Brexit, now Öxit?
In the recent elections, the Freedom Party garnered approximately 29.1% of the vote, surpassing the governing Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP) at 26.3%. The FPÖ has long advocated for stringent immigration controls and a reduction of EU influence over Austrian affairs, positioning itself as a defender of national interests against perceived external threats. This electoral success reflects a notable shift in Austria's political climate, where traditional parties are struggling to maintain support amidst rising public discontent over issues like immigration and economic instability. The political landscape has been reshaped by dissatisfaction with existing governing coalitions, leading to a surge in support for the FPÖ as they capitalize on voters' fears and frustrations.
The Freedom Party's platform includes calls for a renegotiation of Austria's EU membership terms. Notably, FPÖ leaders want to leave the EU’s common asylum system and stop sanctioning Russia. This mirrors public sentiment, which is increasingly skeptical of the EU. Many Austrians have expressed concerns about loss of sovereignty and the impacts of EU regulations on national policies. The precedent set by Brexit has emboldened far-right factions in Austria and other EU member states, suggesting a possible pathway for Austria to reconsider its EU commitment if the FPÖ gains further political power.
Historically, Austria has maintained a stance of military neutrality, but the rise of the FPÖ could alter its approach to the ongoing war in Ukraine and relations with Russia. A far-right government might advocate for a reduction or reversal of sanctions against Russia, which could undermine the EU's collective response to the conflict. Herbert Kickl, the FPÖ leader, has voiced opposition to Western military aid to Ukraine and has called for an end to sanctions against Russia, framing these policies as detrimental to Austrian interests. This political shift poses questions about Austria's commitment to Western unity in addressing geopolitical challenges and could have destabilizing effects on EU policies. Austria's historical approach to neutrality may be compromised as the FPÖ seeks to establish closer ties with Russia, potentially altering the balance of political power within Europe.
Leader of the FPÖ, Herbert Kickl, greets supporters in Vienna after election victory. Photo: AP Photo/Heinz-Peter Bader
A far-right government in Austria may embolden other parties across Europe with similar agendas, fostering an environment where anti-EU sentiment and nationalism can thrive. As these movements gain momentum, they may challenge the fundamental principles of cooperation and solidarity that underpin the EU, leading to a fracturing of alliances and a re-examination of collective policies. The potential for increased euroscepticism and European isolationism could be influenced by Austria's political realignment, with repercussions for EU governance and stability.
As Austria navigates this new political reality, the implications of the FPÖ's rise will be closely scrutinized by both national and international observers. This signals a potential shift in the balance of power within the EU and the broader geopolitical landscape, which could further complicate the EU's unified stance on the war in Ukraine and call into question the overall strength of the union.